# CforCivil > The Art of Techniques ## Posts - [Causes of Cracks in concrete structures](https://cforcivil.com/causes-of-cracks-in-concrete-structures/): Causes of Cracks in concrete structures There are many Causes of Cracks in concrete structures, they are Thermal movement The permeability of concrete. Corrosion of Reinforcement Creep Moisture Movement Structural design and specifications Poor Construction practices. Improper maintenance 1.Thermal movement All materials expand on heating and contract on cooling. The thermal movement depends on temperature […] - [PILE TYPES](https://cforcivil.com/pile-types/): PILE TYPES BASED ON CONSTRUCTION METHOD Three pile types of pile foundations according to their construction methods: Driven piles, Cast-in-situ piles, and Driven and cast-in-situ piles. 1. Driven Pile Foundations: It is of concrete, steel or timber. These piles are prefabricating before placing at the construction site. If drive piles are of concrete, they are […] - [RCC Column Construction Methods](https://cforcivil.com/rcc-column-construction-methods/): RCC Column Construction Methods consist of various steps and procedures to follow in the construction of columns at the site. RCC Column Construction Methods Layouts Reinforcement work Formwork Pouring of concrete 1. Layout Layouts proceed by surveying instrument. After marking the grid lines, the location of columns Identifies and marks. 2. Reinforcement work   Checklist […] - [RCC Column Types](https://cforcivil.com/rcc-column-types/): RCC Column Types are base on its shape, length, and forces. A column is a vertical member which takes the complete load of the beam, slabs, and the entire structure. The floor and another area of the building are modifying as per the requirement of the client. The size of the columns, the quantity of […] - [Formwork](https://cforcivil.com/formwork/): Formwork is a temporary mold to provide support to fresh concrete places in structural member until the concrete has set. This helps the structural member to gain sufficient strength to carry its self-load and load from other members. Concrete formworks are for fresh concrete constructions such as walls, slabs, beams, columns, footings etc. Formworks requirements […] - [Pile cap](https://cforcivil.com/pile-cap/): A pile cap is a mass concrete structure contains more piles embeds in it. A group of pill drives into clay, soft, and loose soils to provide a strong, stable and suitable foundation. The pile designs considering the punching shea around the heads of the piles and column base. It also designs for bending moment […] - [Steel corrosion control methods](https://cforcivil.com/steel-corrosion-control-methods/): Steel Corrosion control methods are essential to prevent damage and the failure of structures. 40% of failure of structures are by corrosion of inner steel. Steel corrosion control methods carry mostly in the structure that locates in coastal areas. And steel structures like tower transmission lines, cell phone towers, etc. There are many causes of corrosion. It […] - [Plastic Formwork Types](https://cforcivil.com/plastic-formwork-types/): There are different Plastic Formwork types use in the construction of structures. Plastic formworks for concrete construction is to hold freshly place concrete in a correct position. And to gain strength. With the help of formworks, concrete easily makes into various shapes and size. There is different material uses to make formworks. Mainly timber and steel. Plastic gives […] - [Screed in concrete construction](https://cforcivil.com/screed-concrete-construction/): Screed in concrete construction Screed in concrete construction is a process of cutting off the excess wet concrete. And to bring top surface slab to a proper level. And to provide a good smooth floor. A screed is a flat board uses to smoothen the concrete. Properties and composition of the screed A screed is a construction […] - [Reinforcement Cover](https://cforcivil.com/reinforcement-cover/): Reinforcement Cover Reinforcement Cover is essential to the steel reinforcement bars. Bars are surrounding sufficient impermeable concrete to protect from corrosion. And to allow the combined strength of the reinforcement and concrete to be effective. Place the steel bars into position after Binding. keep the bars at a correct distance from the surface with spacers. Pour concrete and erect formwork. […] - [Plastic formworks for concrete construction](https://cforcivil.com/plastic-formworks/): Plastic formworks for construction is to keep fresh concrete in position to gain strength. With the help of formworks, concrete is easily made into various shapes and size. And the structure constructs. There is different material uses to make formworks. Mainly timber and steel. Plastic gives a number of advantage compares to other materials. some are durability, cost-effectiveness, […] - [RCC Columns Pedestals and Footings](https://cforcivil.com/rcc-columns-pedestals-footings/): RCC Columns Pedestals and Footings is to give good strength and durability to structural members. Improper concrete leads to corrosion of steel by pores, cracks in concrete. This cause concrete not to achieve its strength in the setting. This leads failure of columns, pedestals, footings during occupancy of the structure.     RCC Columns Pedestals and […] - [Roof Repairs](https://cforcivil.com/roof-repairs/): The Roof repairs and repairing methods explains in these post. There are various methods follows for rectification of old roof cracks, damages etc,. Instead of demolition of old damages roofs, several alternations carries to extend the life of structure. Reasons of Roof Repairing 1. Leakages The main reason for a leak is joint on the roof. In […] - [Repairing Concrete Column Cracks and Damages](https://cforcivil.com/repairing-concrete/): Repairing concrete column cracks and damages is essential. The column concrete damages are becoming critical in mass structures like shopping malls, commercial buildings. To carry out the column repair identify the axial dead load, live load, and horizontal load. Repairing concrete columns are two category Surface or cosmetic  –  covers local deterioration structural repair –   strengthens the […] - [Corrosion protection](https://cforcivil.com/corrosion-protection/): Corrosion protection of underwater pile is essential in aqua construction. Eliminating this corrosion problem is very hard, the corrosion is control by using corrosion protection methods. Corrosion Protection Methods for Underwater Piles Protective Coatings for Underwater Piles Protective coating for underwater piles is necessary as it causes corrosion of piles. The Corrosion protection of underwater pile methods […] - [Methods of Ground Water Control in Excavations](https://cforcivil.com/piling-bridges/): The Methods of Ground Water Control in Excavations explains in this post. These techniques use to prevent groundwater entering into construction like, piling for bridges, tunneling, marine structures, underground structures. The groundwater causes extreme geotechnical problems in excavations like sand running for most of the construction projects. These issues caused by groundwater increase construction budget […] - [Structural strengthening](https://cforcivil.com/structural-strengthening/): Structural strengthening of concrete structures considers when the existing structure damages. And alteration of the structure is to make due to which the structure fail to serve its purpose. Before strengthening all failure modes should Identify. Strengthening a structure for flexure lead to shear failure instead of giving the desired increased load-bearing capacity. It identifies that […] - [Grouting techniques](https://cforcivil.com/grouting-injection-techniques/): Grouting techniques use to prevent water leakage in massive and other water retaining systems. Underground structures like tunnels, hydroelectric power plants, storage caverns etc are always expensive to build. And have a major value to the society. As infrastructures, they are directly responsible for wealth creation and development, to the need for better and constant maintenance. Grouting […] - [EXPANSION JOINTS](https://cforcivil.com/expansion-joints/): The usage of EXPANSION JOINTS discuss and explains in this post. This is the main member in the construction of a bridge. A bridge constructs with many major components like, the pile foundations, pile caps, columns, beams, decks, etc,. The top slab of bridge known as decks. These decks constructs at specific lengths with small […] - [FRP Coating](https://cforcivil.com/frp-coating/): FRP Coating makes onto the surface of various products. And use in the leak-proofing of rooftops, factory floor, chemical industries, anti-corrosion treatment plants, concrete tanks, pipe fittings, and much more. It helps to protect from corrosion, chemicals & salts. It provides excellent performance. And a long-lasting time. Procedure of FRP There are several procedures for coating […] - [Concrete Honeycomb ](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-honeycomb-repair-using-cempatch/): Concrete honeycomb is becoming a serious issue nowadays. The Concrete make to form various structural elements like Columns, Beams, Foundations, Slabs. Concrete pour in formwork, it starts to flow like water so cavities/voids form when concrete does not reach all places. It appears like honey bee nest. If it does not vibrate properly it leaves […] - [Preventing water entering into water-bonding structures](https://cforcivil.com/preventing-water-concrete-structures/): Preventing water entering into water-bonding structures. Water leaking is the main problem occurring in many concrete structures. Mainly concrete structures like basement car parking, lift rooms, Tunnels, water leaking is the main problem. These leakages can repair and prevent in the concrete structures at the time of construction using chemical Admixtures. Preventing water Water leakage is becoming […] - [Self-healing joint Techniques for construction joint applications](https://cforcivil.com/self-healing-joint-techniques/): In this post, we are explaining, how to avoid leakage problems in storage tanks, slabs, etc. By using self-healing joints techniques for construction joint applications. Penebars use for building foundations, slabs, retaining walls, storage tanks, and other cold construction joints. It is a kind of unique sealing compound. And expands rapidly exposed to water. It is […] - [Using penetron technology to Increase lifespan of concrete structures by 60%](https://cforcivil.com/using-penetron-technology-to-increase-lifespan-of-concrete-structures/): PENETRON ADMIX method is to protect concrete in most critical environments. PENETRON ADMIX becomes an integral part of the concrete. Easily mixed during batching and unaffected by climatic conditions & increase the lifespan of concrete structures by 60%. PENETRON ADMIX performance highlights Resists high hydrostatic pressure Provides ‘self-healing’ capabilities for cracks up to 0.4 mm […] - [Beam Strengthening using Micro concrete Jacketing](https://cforcivil.com/beam-strengthening-using-micro-concrete-jacketing/): Beam Strengthening using Micro concrete Jacketing Beam Strengthening  Remove entire plaster to reach parent concrete surface if the beam is plaster. Now by tapping with a light hammer, identify of loose concrete portions are present. After identifying and marking, remove loose/bad concrete if any by using breaker machine attached with a suitable chisel. The concrete […] - [Strengthening of Columns by using Master Brace Laminate & FIB system](https://cforcivil.com/column-strengthening-by-using-masterbrace-laminate-fib-system/): Column Strengthening Remove entire Plaster from the column surface carefully by chipping with Chipper machine. A light tapping on the column concrete surface to carry out to check the damage and honeycomb concrete area etc. Damage area to remove carefully with a chipper machine. The entire concrete surface is clean off any loose particles, dust, […] - [Strengthening of Beams in Flexure/Shear by using MasterBrace Laminate & FIB system](https://cforcivil.com/beams-strengthening/): Beams strengthening Plaster from the beam surface to remove carefully by chipping with the Chipper machine. Fix laminates on top of the beam, remove flooring from that portion to expose the beam concrete surface. Make a light tapping on beam concrete surface to check damage and honeycomb concrete area etc. Identifying and mark damage area. Then […] - [Strengthening Column Using Micro Concrete Jacketing](https://cforcivil.com/strengthening-column-using-micro-concrete-jacketing/): Strengthening Column Using Micro Concrete Jacketing  Remove entire plaster to reach parent concrete surface if the column is plaster. Now by tapping with a light hammer, identify of loose concrete portions are present. After identifying & marking, remove loose concrete by using breaker machine attached to a suitable chisel. The concrete surface sounds to clean […] - [VDF Procedure](https://cforcivil.com/vdf-procedure/): VDF Procedure is discuss in this post. VDF Flooring is a process of removing excess water from concrete surface. This performs to increase the performance of concrete. The cement paste forms on the surface with excess water observes and drain with the help of vacuum pump. And makes the slab harder and stronger. This VDF Flooring makes the grade slab and floor durable and strong. And it increases and improves the wear resistance of slab surface. And uses mainly in industrial flooring, parking slots, platforms, runways, hangars, warehouses, factories, etc. This designs as per standard design requirements and casts in alternative […] - [VDF Flooring](https://cforcivil.com/vdf-flooring/): VDF Flooring is discuss in this post. It is a technique of reducing the water cement ratio on top surface of concrete slab. This improves the performance of concrete in work-ability and gives high strength. This reduces the small holes forms on the concrete surface.  It makes the concrete slab to set sooner and harder. And by performing this the setting time of concrete improves and it attains more strength early. This increase the  compressive strength of slab.  VDF Flooring The VDF Flooring is a process of  removing excess water from concrete surface. This performs to increase the performance of concrete. […] - [Vacuum Dewatering Flooring](https://cforcivil.com/vacuum-dewatering-flooring/): Vacuum Dewatering Flooring discuss in this post. This is a process of  removing excess water from concrete surface. This performs to increase the performance of concrete. The cement paste forms on the surface with excess water observes and drain with the help of vacuum pump. And makes the slab harder and stronger. This VDF Flooring makes the grade slab and floor durable and strong. And it increases and improves the wear resistance of slab surface. And uses mainly in industrial flooring, parking slots, platforms, runways, hangars, warehouses, factories, etc,. This designs as per standard design requirements and casts in alternative panels. […] - [Airport Parts](https://cforcivil.com/airport-parts/): Airport Parts discusses in this Post. The Airport part has major components like, the Runways, Apron, Hangars, Terminal buildings, taxiways, control towers and parking, etc,. The Airport is a place that serves the aircraft in all aspects. It provides the enough space and acts like shelters to the aircraft. This accommodates various parts inside it. These provides necessary accommodations for the aircraft’s and the passengers. And fulfills all their needs. It serves the teams working together as various departments inside the airports in all aspects. And satisfying all the airlines for their aircraft’s from its starting to the ending stages. And […] - [Cargo Hangars in Airport](https://cforcivil.com/cargo-hangars-in-airport/): Cargo Hangars in Airport is discuss in this post. These are large square and rectangular in sizes. They uses to store large and multiple size cargo. This is one of the types of hangar uses mostly in Airports. It is a simple and cost-effective structures get name from its box shape plan. These hangars vary in the size, purpose, and the features. It serves for the storing and distribution of freight. It saves from changing weather conditions like, the rain, snow, hails. And protects from the strong winds, that cause damage. And it locates closer to the terminal building and the […] - [Military Hangars](https://cforcivil.com/maintenance-hangars-2/): Military Hangars is discuss in this post. These are the large, secure structures use for storing and maintaining the military aircraft. And has many types, including the fighter jets and the transport planes parks inside it. They have the special equipment and tools facilities to serve aircraft safely and efficiently. The assembling, equipping and the upgrade process carries here. All the servicing, repairs, fueling of the aircraft carryout here. It constructs with the MS ROOF TRUSS and the Pre Engineered Building (PEB). This builds with light weight steel structures. And its roofs covers with G.I sheets, Puff panels. It provides large spaces for […] - [Maintenance Hangars](https://cforcivil.com/maintenance-hangars/): Maintenance Hangars in Airport is discuss in this post. These are the large square and rectangular in sizes. This is one of the types of hangar uses in the Airports. These hangars equips with special tools for the aircraft maintenance and the repairing works. They have the special equipment, tools and the facilities to serve aircraft safely and efficiently. The maintenance and the upgrade process carries here. And it is important for the commercial airlines for maintenance and the repair operations. The Airport Hangars are the huge sheds providing shelters for the aircraft. It serve a space for taking care of […] - [Box Hangars in Airport](https://cforcivil.com/box-hangars-in-airport/): Box Hangars in Airport is discuss in this post. These are large square and rectangular in sizes. They uses to store large and multiple small planes inside it. This is one of the types of hangar uses mostly in Airports. It is a simple and cost-effective structures get name from its box shape plan. These hangars vary in the size, purpose, and the features. The Airport Hangars are huge sheds providing shelters for the aircraft. It serve a space for taking care of the air planes, helicopters, and other aircraft. And it locates closer to the terminal building and the apron. […] - [T Hangars in Airport](https://cforcivil.com/t-hangars-in-airport/): T Hangars in Airport is discuss in this post. This is one of the types of hangar uses mostly in Airports. It is a simple and cost-effective structures get name from its T-shape plan. This uses to store the small aircraft like the single engine planes and the helicopters. It is an economical option for small airports with limited space. These hangars vary in the size, purpose, and the features. There are many types like the T, box, and the open-front hangars. Each one has its own advantages. It comes in many sizes and designs to store the different types and […] - [Types of Airport Hangars](https://cforcivil.com/types-of-airport-hangars/): There are many types of Airport Hangars and it is discuss in this post. These hangars vary in the size, purpose, and the features. There are many types like the T, box, and the open-front hangars. Each one has its own advantages. It comes in many sizes and designs to store the different types and sizes of the aircraft. It provides large spaces for storing the aircraft. These are large enclose structures design to park and protect the aircraft. They are mainly use to store the aircraft at rest. It saves from changing weather conditions like, the rain, snow, hails. And […] - [Advantages and disadvantages of airport hangars](https://cforcivil.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-airport-hangars/): The Advantages and disadvantages of airport hangars discuss in this post. The Airport Hangars are huge sheds providing shelters for the aircraft.  And it locates closer to the terminal building and the apron. All the servicing, repairs, fuelling of the aircraft carryout here. There are many types like the T, box, and open-front hangars. Each type has its own advantages. It comes in numerous sizes and designs to accommodate many types and sizes of the aircraft. It serve a space for taking care of the air planes, helicopters, and other aircraft. And it provides various slots for the aircraft in areas […] - [Airport Hangar Size And Design](https://cforcivil.com/airport-hangar-size-design/): The Airport Hangar Size And Design discuss in this post. There are many types like the T, box, and open-front hangars. Each type has its own advantages. It comes in numerous sizes and designs to accommodate many types and sizes of the aircraft. It serve a space for taking care of the air planes, helicopters, and other aircraft. And it locates closer to the terminal building and the apron. All the servicing, repairs, fuelling of the aircraft carryout here. And it provides various slots for the aircraft in areas for, the assembling, equipping and the upgrade processing. It range from small […] - [Airport Hangars](https://cforcivil.com/airport-hangars-2/): The Airport Hangars are huge sheds providing shelters for the aircraft. It serve a space for taking care of the air planes, helicopters, and other aircraft. And it locates closer to the terminal building and the apron. All the servicing, repairs, fueling of the aircraft carryout here. And it provides various slots for the aircraft in areas for, the assembling, equipping and the upgrade processing. It constructs with the MS ROOF TRUSS and the Pre Engineered Building (PEB). This builds with light weight steel structures. And its roofs covers with G.I sheets, Puff panels. It provides large spaces for storing the aircraft. Airport […] - [Concrete Hacking Procedure](https://cforcivil.com/hacking-procedure/): The Concrete Hacking Procedure discuss in this post. The Concrete hacking performs in a specific way in a proper procedure. Hacking executes manually with the help of hacking chisel and hammer. It executes mechanically using grinding machines with the concrete cutting blades. This performs by making a very small groves on the RCC Structures. Concrete Hacking is a process of making smooth surface rough. It makes on the  surface of concrete to provide a strong bond for the plastering. As the finishing surface of concrete is smooth, the plaster wont sticks to it. To create a strong mechanical bonding between them, […] - [Concrete Hacking Properties](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-hacking-properties/): Concrete Hacking Properties discuss in this post. Concrete Hacking is a process of making smooth surface rough. It makes on surface of concrete to provide a strong bond for plastering. As the finishing surface of concrete is smooth, plaster wont sticks to it. To create a strong mechanical bonding between them, this process of hacking in concrete performs. Concrete Hacking carries out after removing the shuttering of Reinforced Cement Concrete structures. After De-shuttering the RCC members cures properly to attain its strength. And hacking executes after two to three days from the date of casting, before it attains its harder state. […] - [QUALITY ENGINEER IN TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/quality-engineer-truss-buildings/): The duties of QUALITY ENGINEER IN TRUSS BUILDINGS discuss in this post. A team of Truss Buildings builds a good quality Structure. And forms a strong buildings. A Team works together to construct and finish the structure. He takes care of the Quality Assurance, control. And ensures that the structure constructs as per the standards. He conducts inspections, detect flaws and rectify it. And makes all the testing on all the members. The testing makes to check all the materials. TRUSS is a straight connection member of structural element triangular in shape. It makes by welding multiple structural elements together to […] - [PROJECT ENGINEER IN TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/project-engineer-truss-buildings/): The duties of  PROJECT ENGINEER IN TRUSS BUILDINGS discuss in this post. A team of Truss Buildings builds a good quality Structure. And forms a strong buildings. At execution, many process carries out for building the structures. And all safety procurers follows to make a safe and fast erection. This makes to reduce the construction time and the cost of the project. The assembly of main members and erection process carries by a team. It consists of a good quality and highly experienced engineers. These engineers are responsible for all the construction activities. And the Project manager is the total in […] - [PROJECT MANAGER IN TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/project-manager-truss-buildings/): The duties of PROJECT MANAGER IN TRUSS BUILDINGS discuss in this post. A team of Truss Buildings builds a good quality Structure. And forms a strong buildings. At execution, many process carries out for building the structures. And all safety procurers follows to make a safe and fast erection. This makes to reduce the construction time and the cost of the project. The assembly of main members and erection process carries by a team. It consists of a good quality and highly experienced engineers. These engineers are responsible for all the construction activities. And the Project manager is the total in […] - [EXECUTION TEAM OF TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/execution-team-of-truss-buildings/): EXECUTION TEAM OF TRUSS BUILDINGS The Execution Team of Truss Buildings builds a good quality Structure. And forms a strong buildings. At execution, many process carries out for building the structures. And all safety procurers follows to make a safe and fast erection. This makes to reduce the construction time and the cost of the project. The assembly of main members and erection process carries by a team. It consists of a good quality and highly experienced engineers. These engineers are responsible for all the construction activities. The Execution Team of Truss Buildings Consists of the executives like, Project Manager Project […] - [CONSTRUCTION TEAM OF TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/construction-team-for-truss-buildings/): The Construction Team of Truss Buildings builds a good quality Structure. And forms a strong buildings. They create the strong structures with the capabilities to withstanding all the kinds of safe loads. And all the forces and pressures acting on it. For this, a proper planning requires with a good ideas. These ideas proceeds by a group of engineers. The Design Team of Truss Buildings designs a building as per all the necessary standards. And satisfying all requirements. They design as per the wish of the agency and client which likes to construct the Structure for their uses. They are of […] - [DESIGN TEAM OF TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/design-team-of-truss-buildings/): A Design Team of Truss Buildings designs a structural building as per all necessary standards. They design as per the requirements of agency or the client which likes to construct the Structure for their uses. These structures are of large spans like, Ware houses, hangers, Factories, Workshop, Show rooms, etc. This usage of the Truss System uses widely in the industrial sector. It reduces the Construction cost and time of the Mass buildings. And Heavy RCC structures. By application of this we can reduce the mass pollution and prevent the nature. This Systems Makes a Revolution in the Steel Industry. For […] - [TEAM OF TRUSS BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/team-of-truss-buildings/): TEAM OF TRUSS BUILDINGS A Team of Truss Buildings works together to design and makes the structures. It consists of two teams, the design and the construction team. The design team designs the truss structures according to all the standards. The construction team completes them. The Design Team It designs the buildings as per all the necessary standards. And creates as per the needs of agency or the client which likes to construct the Structure for their uses. They are of large spans like, Ware houses, hangers, Factories, Workshop, Show rooms, etc. They work together to build a good quality Structure. […] - [RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN TRUSS USING DPT TEST](https://cforcivil.com/rectification-flaws-truss-using-dpt-test/): The RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN TRUSS USING DPT TEST discuss in this post. There are certain procedures and steps to identify the defects. This test carries to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the Truss. The Welding is the major connection of members. This connects the member strongly. It should be free from all the Defects. It is important to make sure that, all the welding makes properly without any defects. The Cleaner, Penetrant and Developer are the three main materials for this DPT testing. These are all Non toxic chemicals. And Eco friendly materials. Using these Cleaner, Penetrant and the […] - [STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/steps-dpt-test-truss/): The STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN TRUSS discuss in this post. The Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify, the discontinuities in welding joints and connections. And uses to detect the cracks, fractures, etc. It is a low cost inspection method known as the Liquid Penetrate Inspection ( LPI ), Dye Penetrant Inspection ( DPI ). The Cleaner, the Penetrant and the Developer are the three main materials for this DPT testing. These are all the Non toxic chemicals. And Eco friendly materials. Using these Cleaner, the Penetrant and the Developer, the DPT testing carries out. This Dye […] - [PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/procedure-dpt-test-truss-members/): The PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON TRUSS discuss in this post. It is a low cost inspection method known as the  Penetration Testing ( PT ). The Cleaner, the Penetrant and the Developer are the three main materials for this DPT testing. These are all the Non toxic chemicals. And Eco friendly materials. Using these Cleaner, the Penetrant and the Developer, the DPT testing carries out. The TRUSS is a straight interconnected structural element, triangular in the shape. It makes by welding the multiple structural elements together to form a single component or a single Structure known as the Truss. It […] - [DPT TEST ON TRUSS MEMBERS](https://cforcivil.com/dpt-test-on-truss-members/): The DPT TEST ON TRUSS MEMBERS discuss in this post. DPT TEST ON TRUSS MEMBERS carries to detect the Surface cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the Truss. It is a low cost inspection method known as Liquid Penetrate Inspection ( LPI ), Dye Penetrant Inspection ( DPI ), Penetration Testing ( PT ). MS ROOF TRUSS is a straight interconnected structural element triangular in shape. It makes by welding multiple structural elements together to form a single component or single Structure known as Truss. It uses to carry heavy loads and acts like load transfer Structure. For these reasons it […] - [MATERIALS FOR DPT TESTING IN TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/materials-dpt-testing-truss/): MATERIALS FOR DPT TESTING IN TRUSS discuss in this post. Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify the discontinuities in welding joints and connections. And uses to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes. This Dye Penetration Testing has different names, Liquid Penetrate Inspection ( LPI ) Dye Penetrant Inspection ( DPI ) Penetration Testing ( PT ) It is a simple test. And easy test to identify the discontinuities in welding joints. Using this DPT TEST ON TRUSS MEMBERS all the surface defects and flaws are easily identify and rectify. This test carries out without difficulties. This […] - [ADVANTAGES OF MS ROOF TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/advantages-ms-roof-truss/): ADVANTAGES OF MS ROOF TRUSS explains in this post. It has numerous advantages. MS ROOF TRUSS are uses in a wide range of buildings in modern times. This System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy RCC structures. By application of this we can reduce mass pollution […] - [APPLICATIONS OF MS ROOF TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/applications-ms-roof-truss/): APPLICATIONS OF MS ROOF TRUSS explains in this post. MS ROOF TRUSS is a straight interconnected structural element triangular in shape. It makes by welding multiple structural elements together to form a single component or single Structure known as Truss. It uses to carry heavy loads and acts like load transfer Structure. MS ROOF TRUSS are uses in a wide range of buildings in the modern times. MS ROOF TRUSS engages in areas where span of building is large. Roofing for aircraft hangers, airport terminals, industrial buildings, indoor Stadiums, auditoriums, etc, made by Truss. It uses often in steel structures like […] - [COMPONENTS OF MS ROOF TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/components-ms-roof-truss/): COMPONENTS OF MS ROOF TRUSS explains in this post. MS ROOF TRUSS are uses in a wide range of buildings in recent times. This System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy RCC structures. By application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature. This […] - [DESIGN OF MS ROOF TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/design-of-ms-roof-truss/): DESIGN OF MS ROOF TRUSS explains in this post. MS ROOF TRUSS is a straight interconnected structural element triangular in shape. It makes by welding multiple structural elements together to form a single component or single Structure known as Truss. It uses to carry heavy loads and acts like load transfer Structure. MS ROOF TRUSS engages in areas where span of building is large. Roofing for aircraft hangers, airport terminals, industrial buildings, indoor Stadiums, auditoriums, etc, made by Truss. It uses often in steel structures like Building roofs, Towers, Bridges, etc,.  It helps in reducing weight of building. Its triangular shapes enables […] - [MS ROOF TRUSS](https://cforcivil.com/truss/): MS ROOF TRUSS are uses in a wide range of buildings in Recent times. This System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy RCC structures. By application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature. This Systems Makes a Revolution in Steel Industry. MS ROOF […] - [Advantages And Disadvantages of Air Transport](https://cforcivil.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-air-transport/): The Advantages And Disadvantages of Air Transport discuss in this post. The Air Transport is the major means of transport. It is the fastest means of transport. It is mainly for the large and quick travel all around the globe. And uses for goods movement across the word. It is the important means of passenger transportation. And made many countries grow faster. It Makes possible to fly over the mountains, oceans, forest areas, where humans cant travel. The Air cargoes uses most to speed up the human lives. It makes a revolution in the goods Export & Imports. Supports the nations […] - [Air Transport](https://cforcivil.com/air-transport/): Air Transport is the major means of transport. It is the fastest means of transport. It is mainly for the large and quick travel all around the globe. And uses for goods movement across the word. It is the important means of passenger transportation. It connects the Continents. And made many countries grow faster. It Makes possible to fly over the mountains, oceans, forest areas, where humans cant travel. Features of Air Transport  It is an necessary form of long-distance transportation. Using this, the humans can roam all around the globe. And helps generating the trade. It supports promoting the tourism. […] - [Concrete Hacking](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-hacking/): Concrete Hacking is a process of making smooth surface rough. It makes on surface of concrete to provide a strong bond for plastering. As the finishing surface of concrete is smooth, plaster wont sticks to it. To create a strong mechanical bonding between them, this process of hacking in concrete performs. This makes on surfaces of beam, column and roof slabs for plastering. And helps to hold mortar with plastering in walls, tile works. Hacking performs mostly in Reinforced Cement Concrete structures like, Roof Slab at the bottom of slab. And specially in the Walls and roof slabs of underground tanks, […] - [Uses of Chicken Mesh in Plastering](https://cforcivil.com/uses-chicken-wire-mesh-plastering/): Uses of Chicken Mesh in Plastering discusses in this post. Chicken Mesh in Plastering uses to prevent cracks. Concretes have a property of expansion and contraction. It expands in heat and contract on cooling. The gap between RCC Structures and walls joint fills with fixing Chicken Mesh before plastering. It fixes on the connection surface of columns, beams and walls. In Construction of RCC structures, after casting of columns, beams and slab, the walls raises. Brickwork or Block-work makes to fill space in-between columns, beams and slabs in outer sides. And to make all kinds of partition walls inside buildings. After brick […] - [Chicken Mesh Properties](https://cforcivil.com/properties-of-chicken-mesh/): Chicken Mesh Properties discusses in this post. In Construction of RCC structures, after casting of columns, beams and slab, the walls raises. Brickwork or Block work makes to fill space in-between columns, beams and slabs in outer sides. And to make all kinds of partition walls inside buildings. After brick or block work, plastering works performs. Concretes have a property of expansion and contraction. It expands in heat and contract on cooling. The gap between RCC Structures and walls joint fills with fixing Chicken Mesh before plastering. It fixes on the connection surface of columns, beams and walls. This reduces the chances […] - [Chicken Mesh in Plastering](https://cforcivil.com/chicken-mesh-in-plastering/): Chicken Mesh in Plastering uses to prevent cracks. Concretes have a property of expansion and contraction. It expands in heat and contract on cooling. The gap between RCC Structures and walls joint fills with fixing Chicken Mesh before plastering. It fixes on the connection surface of columns, beams and walls. In Construction of RCC structures, after casting of columns, beams and slab, the walls raises. Brickwork or Block work makes to fill space in-between columns, beams and slabs in outer sides. And to make all kinds of partition walls inside buildings. After brick or block work, plastering works performs. The column sides […] - [Components of Air Transport](https://cforcivil.com/components-of-air-transport/): The Components of Air Transport Discusses in this Post. It consists of major components like, the Runways, Apron, Hangars, Terminal buildings, taxiways and parking, etc,. The Airport is a place that serves the aircraft in all aspects. It provides the enough space and acts like shelters to the aircraft. This accommodates various components inside it. These provides necessary accommodations for the aircraft’s and the passengers. And fulfills all their needs. It serves the teams working together as various departments inside the airports in all aspects. And satisfying all the airlines for their aircraft’s from its starting to the ending stages. And […] - [Procedures for Testing Height of Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/procedures-for-testing-height-of-bricks/): Procedures for Testing Height of Bricks is explains in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it possess uniform colour on all faces. The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it. The Physical dimension of brick is consider as major aspect. Bricks possess standard dimension. There  are two major types of bricks, Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks Standard Modular Bricks The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard […] - [Procedures for Testing Width of Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/procedures-for-testing-width-of-bricks/): Procedures for Testing Width of Bricks is explains in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it possess uniform colour on all faces. The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it. The Physical dimension of brick is consider as major aspect. Bricks possess standard dimension. There  are two major types of bricks, Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks Standard Modular Bricks The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard […] - [Procedures for Testing Length of Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/procedures-testing-length-bricks/): Procedures for Testing Length of Bricks is explains in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it possess uniform colour on all faces. The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it. The Physical dimension of brick is consider as major aspect. Bricks possess standard dimension. There  are two major types of bricks, Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks Standard Modular Bricks The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard […] - [Procedures for Testing Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/procedures-for-testing-bricks/): Procedures for Testing Bricks is explains in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it possess uniform colour on all faces. The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it. The Physical dimension of brick is consider as major aspect. Bricks possess standard dimension. There  are two major types of bricks, Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks Standard Modular Bricks The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard Modular Bricks […] - [Testing for Burnt Clay Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/testing-for-burnt-clay-bricks/): Testing for Burnt Clay Bricks discus in this post. Brick has certain physical and chemical properties. Bricks use in latest constructions. It make renovations right across the world. Brick is a soundproof, fire resisting material. As it posses these characteristics it uses to construct partition walls in Industries. And use for home extensions, walls of different thickness. It is cheap, hard, durable and easy to handle and to work with.  These properties make brick a  leading building material. Testing for Burnt Clay Bricks There are some important Testing for Burnt Clay Bricks. The testing’s carryout in bricks are as follows, Compressive […] - [Requirement of Burnt Clay Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/requirement-of-burnt-clay-bricks/): Requirement of Burnt Clay Bricks discuss in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it has uniform colour on all faces. Brick has certain physical and chemical properties. Bricks use in latest constructions. It make renovations right across the world. Brick is a soundproof, fire resisting material. As it posses these characteristics it uses to construct partition walls in Industries. And use for home extensions, walls of different thickness. It is cheap, hard, durable and easy to handle and to work with.  These properties make brick a  leading building […] - [Procedure of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter](https://cforcivil.com/soil-compaction-procedure-using-core-cutter/): Procedure of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter is discussed in this post. Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method is use in construction field to determine the Field dry Density, Bulk Density and compaction of soil. It is use to identify the dry density of the compacted or dry fine grain soil which is free from the aggregates. Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method Core Cutter Method is use to find some important properties of soil. Some of the main properties of soil which are necessary to examine the compaction factors are as follows, Bulk density Dry density Moisture Content / Water Content Equipment for […] - [Types of Burnt Clay Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/types-burnt-clay-bricks/): Types of Burnt Clay Bricks are explains in this post. Brick is a construction material uses in the construction of several structures. It is an old traditional building material used in the construction of walls. Bricks consider as a major construction material because of its physical and chemical character. It is of high strength, long life and fire resistance. Easily available at low cost and considers as leading building material. Bricks lays in courses and numerous patterns known as bonds. It constructs with various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together. And to make a durable structure. There are certain […] - [STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS](https://cforcivil.com/main-steps-for-dpt-test-in-peb-members/): The STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS are discuss in this post. The Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered. And to make the easy production. And easy assembly on the site. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding the steel […] - [RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST](https://cforcivil.com/rectification-of-flaws-in-peb-using-dpt-test/): The RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST are discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding the steel plates together. And connects through bolts. And forms an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings. And the Heavy structures. The Welding is the major connection of all the members. This welding makes to connect […] - [IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST](https://cforcivil.com/identification-of-flaws-in-peb-using-dpt-test/): The IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST are discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding the steel plates together. And connects through bolts. And forms an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. The Welding is the major connection of members. […] - [MATERIALS FOR DPT TESTING IN PEB](https://cforcivil.com/materials-for-dpt-testing-in-peb/): The MATERIALS FOR DPT TESTING IN PEB is discuss in this post. Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify the discontinuities in welding joints in PEB members. And uses to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in PEB members. The Dye Penetration Testing has many names like, The Liquid Penetrate Inspection The Penetration Testing It is a simple test. And a easy test to identify the discontinuities in welding joints. And to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the PEB members. Using this method all the surface defects and the flaws are easily identify and […] - [ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DPT TEST](https://cforcivil.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-dpt-test/): THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DPT TEST are discuss in this post. DPT test has many advantages and disadvantages. DPT is a test uses to identify the discontinuities of welding joints in the PEB members. It is a simple test.  And it uses to detect the flaws in the PEB members. The Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. The use of PEB is highly economical. And Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as […] - [PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS](https://cforcivil.com/procedure-for-dpt-test-in-peb-members/): The PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS are discuss in this post . The Pre Engineered Building( PEB )System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world . These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids . This complete building system is Pre Engineered. And to make the easy production. And easy assembly on the site. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by […] - [DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS](https://cforcivil.com/dpt-test-on-peb-members/): The DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS are discuss in this post. The Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered. And to make the easy production. And easy assembly on the site. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify the discontinuities in welding joints in PEB members. And uses […] - [SITE ENGINEER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/role-of-site-engineer-in-pre-engineered-buildings/): The duties of  SITE ENGINEER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save natural resources. It has numerous advantages.     Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered to make a easy production. And easy assembly on site. For this a proper planning requires with good ideas. These ideas proceeds by Engineers. The designs made by PEB manufacturer. They […] - [QUALITY ENGINEER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/quality-engineer-in-pre-engineered-buildings/): The duties of QUALITY ENGINEER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. The Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered. And to make the easy production. And easy assembly on the site. For this a proper planning requires with good ideas. These ideas proceeds by the Engineers. The designs made […] - [PROJECT ENGINEER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/role-project-engineer-pre-engineered-buildings/): The duties of  PROJECT ENGINEER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered to make the easy production. And easy assembly at the site. For this a proper planning requires with good ideas. These ideas proceeds by the Engineers. The designs made by the […] - [PROJECT MANAGER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/project-manager-pre-engineered-buildings/): The duties of PROJECT MANAGER IN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save natural resources. It has numerous advantages. Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in all parts of world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered. Makes easy production. And easy assembly on site. For this a good planning requires with great ideas. These ideas proceeds by Engineers. The designs made by PEB manufacturer. They use the best raw materials. And […] - [TEAM OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS](https://cforcivil.com/pre-engineered-building-team/): TEAM OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS are discuss in this post. The PEB System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save natural resources. For this a proper planning requires with good ideas. These ideas proceeds by engineers. The designs made by PEB manufacturer. They use the best raw materials. And makes a wide range of structural design. The efficient design of PEB is lighter than normal steel buildings. This reduce the steel consumption. And saves cost. At erection, many process carry […] - [DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) STRUCTURES](https://cforcivil.com/design-pre-engineered-building-peb/): DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) STRUCTURES explains in this post. This System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. Design of Pre Engineered building(PEB) Structures are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. By this application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature. Design of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) system is Computer […] - [ADVANTAGES OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)](https://cforcivil.com/advantages-pre-engineered-building-peb/): Advantages of Pre Engineered building (PEB) explains in this post. It has numerous advantages. Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered to make a easy production. And easy assembly on site. The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. By this application […] - [PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)](https://cforcivil.com/pre-engineered-building/): Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. By application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature. PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) The joining and fixing of I-shape members are known as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding steel […] - [Moisture Content of Clay Soil By Rapid Moisture Meter](https://cforcivil.com/moisture-content-of-clay-soil-by-rapid-moisture-meter/): Moisture Content of Clay Soil By Rapid Moisture Meter consists of various procedures. Moisture Content By Rapid Moisture Meter is use to determine the Moisture content / water content in Clay soil sample. It is a mobile system for measuring large verities of materials like soil, aggregates,etc. With this rapid moisture meter the Moisture content / water content determines quickly. It determines by the gas pressure of Calcium Carbide using in it. The Calcium Carbide reacts with water in the sample. And it forms Acetylene gas. This increase the pressure inside the vessel. The Moisture content / water content percentage observes […] - [Moisture Content of Wet And Dry Soil By Rapid Moisture Meter](https://cforcivil.com/moisture-content-of-wet-and-dry-soil-by-rapid-moisture-meter/): Moisture Content of Wet And Dry Soil By Rapid Moisture Meter consists of various procedures. Moisture Content By Rapid Moisture Meter is use to determine the Moisture content / water content in Wet and Dry soil sample. It is a mobile system for measuring large verities of materials like soil, aggregates,etc. With this rapid moisture meter the Moisture content / water content determines quickly. It determines by the gas pressure of Calcium Carbide using in it. The Calcium Carbide reacts with water in the sample. And it forms Acetylene gas. This increase the pressure inside the vessel. The Moisture content / […] - [Moisture Content By Rapid Moisture Meter](https://cforcivil.com/moisture-content-by-rapid-moisture-meter/): Moisture Content By Rapid Moisture Meter is use to determine the Moisture content / water content in soil sample. It is a mobile system for measuring large verities of materials like soil, aggregates,etc. With this rapid moisture meter the Moisture content / water content determines quickly. It determines by the gas pressure of Calcium Carbide using in it. The Calcium Carbide reacts with water in the sample. And it forms Acetylene gas. This increase the pressure inside the vessel. The Moisture content / water content percentage observes in the dial gauge. And calculations computes to determine the moisture content / water […] - [Model Calculation of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method](https://cforcivil.com/model-calculation-of-soil-compaction-using-core-cutter-method/): Model Calculation of  Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method is discussed in this post. Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method is use in construction field to determine the Field dry Density, Bulk Density and compaction of soil. It is use to identify the dry density of the compacted or dry fine grain soil which is free from the aggregates. Model Calculation of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method For Calculation of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method some important parameters has to be derived. That important parameters are as follows, Volume of Core Cutter Weight of Core Cutter Weight of Core […] - [Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method](https://cforcivil.com/soil-compaction-using-core-cutter-method/): Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method is use in construction field to determine the Field dry Density, Bulk Density and compaction of soil. It is use to identify the dry density of the compacted or dry fine grain soil which is free from the aggregates.   Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method Core Cutter Method is use to find some important properties of soil. Some of the main properties of soil which are necessary to examine the compaction factors are as follows, Bulk density Dry density Moisture Content / Water Content Apparatus and Equipment for Core Cutter Method Cylindrical core cutter Steel […] - [Calculation of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method](https://cforcivil.com/calculation-of-soil-compaction-using-core-cutter-method/): Calculation of  Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method is discussed in this post. Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method is use in construction field to determine the Field dry Density, Bulk Density and compaction of soil. It is use to identify the dry density of the compacted or dry fine grain soil which is free from the aggregates. Calculation of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method For Calculation of Soil Compaction using Core Cutter Method some important parameters has to be derived. That important parameters are as follows, Volume of Core Cutter Weight of Core Cutter Weight of Core Cutter + […] - [Concrete Sleepers](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-sleepers/): Concrete Sleepers introduces in the modern construction of railway tracks. Mainly sleepers are of concrete, timbers, steel, cast iron. In thees various types of sleepers, due to need for better design and economy of sleeper on sustainable basis Concrete Sleepers engages. These are the members which lay transverse to the rails on which the rail supports and fixes. Sleepers are concrete beds in the railway tracks. The main role of sleepers is to transfer load from rails to the ballast. And the sub-grade below. It as a transverse member throughout the permanent way. Concrete Sleepers It is  using more than any other sleepers because […] - [Metal Sleepers Advantages and Disadvantages](https://cforcivil.com/metal-sleepers-advantages-disadvantages/): The Metal Sleepers Advantages and Disadvantages are discussed in this post. Railway Track Sleepers are members which lay transverse to the rails on which the rail supports and fixes. Sleepers are beds in the railway tracks. The main reason to use metal sleepers replacing wooden sleepers are because of insufficiency of wooden sleepers. Metal sleepers use widely in the modern construction of railway tracks. The main role of sleepers is to transfer load from rails to the ballast.  The Metal sleepers are of cast iron and steel. These sleepers fix vertical to each other. It fixes throughout the track. The main work of sleepers is […] - [Types of Metal Sleepers](https://cforcivil.com/types-metal-sleepers/): There are many Types of Metal Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. As it satisfies all the needs of a sleeper it is using mostly in the construction of railway rail tracks. Types of Metal Sleepers There are many Types of metal Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. The following types of  Metal Sleepers are as follows, Cast iron Sleepers and Steel Sleepers 1. Cast iron Sleepers The Cast iron sleepers are using widely in the construction of railway rail tracks. Cast iron are of many types as follows, Bowl or Pot sleepers Plate sleepers Box sleepers C.S.T-9 sleepers Rail Free Duplex  sleepers. Bowl or Pot sleepers It […] - [Metal Sleepers](https://cforcivil.com/metal-sleepers/): Metal sleepers use widely in the modern construction of railway tracks. The Metal sleepers are of cast iron and steel. In these various types of Metal sleepers, the sleeper which is economic uses in the construction of railway tracks. Cast iron is widely engaging than steel because of its less tendency to corrosion. Metal sleepers use widely because of the shortage of wooden sleepers and its long life properties. Types of Metal Sleepers There are many Types of Metal Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. The following types are as follows, Cast iron Sleepers and Steel Sleepers Cast iron Sleepers The Cast iron sleepers are […] - [Types of wooden Sleepers](https://cforcivil.com/wooden-sleeper-types/): There are many Types of wooden Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. As it satisfies all the needs of a sleeper it is using mostly in the construction of railway rail tracks. Types of wooden Sleepers There are many Types of wooden Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. The following types of  wooden Sleepers are as follows, Hardwood and Softwood EKKA, SAL, TEAK are some of the most using types of sleepers in the construction of railway rail tracks. These wooden sleepers are hard than any other wooden sleepers. It is heaver too. Treatment of wooden Sleepers The lifetime of wooden Sleepers increases […] - [Wooden sleepers in Railway Tracks](https://cforcivil.com/wooden-sleepers/): Wooden sleepers in Railway Tracks plays a major role. It is the best. And it satisfies all the needs of a sleeper.  In the Railway bridges, the railway rail tracks are of timber sleepers. It is because of its less weight, high load carrying capacity and its ability to absorb shocks and vibrations. The lifetime of wooden sleepers depends upon the ability to resist all chemical, physical and mechanical deformations. The chemical deformations are damages because of the chemical attacks in woods, like efflorescences. The physical deformations are because of the insect attacks like termites, white ants, decay, etc. The mechanical deformations are the damages by […] - [Classification of Sleepers](https://cforcivil.com/classification-of-sleepers/): There are many Classification of Sleepers. Sleepers classify according to the materials uses in the construction of railway rail tracks. The sleepers are of concrete, timbers, steel, cast iron, RCC, and the Prestress concrete. In these various types of sleepers, the sleeper which is economic uses in the construction of railway tracks. And the climatic and geological considerations considers in making a decision of using the type of sleeper according to needs. The classifications of sleepers are as follows, Classification of Sleepers There are Many types of sleepers makes in the construction of the railway tracks. Wooden Sleepers Metal Sleepers Concrete Sleepers 1. wooden Sleepers wooden Sleepers are […] - [Railway Track Sleepers](https://cforcivil.com/railway-track-sleepers/): Railway Track Sleepers are members which lay transverse to the rails on which the rail supports and fixes. Sleepers are concrete beds in the railway tracks. The sleepers are of concrete, timbers, steel, cast iron, RCC, and the Prestress concrete. The main role of sleepers is to transfer load from rails to the ballast. And the sub-grade below. It as a transverse member throughout the permanent way. These sleepers fix vertical to each other. It fixes throughout the track. The main work of sleepers is to hold rails in a strong position. It receives the loads from rails and spread to ballast and sub-grades. […] - [Railway Rail Tracks](https://cforcivil.com/railway-rail-tracks/): Railway Rail Tracks are the main important components in tracks. Rails are unsymmetrical I-sections. It composes of steel. Rails lay parallelly over sleepers. Railway Rail Track lies parallel to the entire track. Rails carry the wheel load of trains providing them a smooth way. And transfer the load safely to sleepers. These rails are of high carbon steel to resist and withstand wear and tear. Rails joints together longitudinally with welding and with fishplates. Functions of Railway Rail Tracks Rails in the Railway Track serves the following purposes: Rails transfer loads from wheels safely to sleepers and ballasts. Provides a smooth level surface for movement of […] - [Railway Track Components](https://cforcivil.com/railway-track-components/): There are some important Railway Track Components in the construction of railway track. The railway track is a permanent way for all trains. A railway track is a combination of rails, sleepers, ballast, and subgrades. The systematic rails fit on a number of sleepers. This sleeper rests on ballast supports by subgrades. These rails fix or welds together by a component name as fishplates. The trach consists of two parallel rails fix at a specific distance. This distance depends upon the gauge of tracks. These rails are parallel to each other. Railway Track Components A Railway Track has many Components in it. they […] - [Rail transport](https://cforcivil.com/rail-transport/): Rail transport is a major means of passenger transport, mainly for large and quick travel between cities. And for transport in industrial areas. It uses little for goods movement. Railways are the most important means of passenger transportation. The Rail transport network is highly useful and running punctually. Railways is a useful transportation system for a country that does not have fossil fuels. And is completely dependent on imports. It is the backbone of transport between the city forms around the railway lines extends out from industrial areas. Features of Rail transport  Gauge Electrification Loading gauge Ticket charges Rail transport is an important mode […] - [Road Classifications](https://cforcivil.com/road-classifications/): Road Classifications base on location and function and has many categories. Road transportation is the main thing in modern times worldwide. Roads make the main income for economic development and growth. They are very important to make a nation grow and develop. It provides access to employment, social, health and education. For this reasons, the road is the most important of all public assets. Roads help in the transportation of each and everything. These roads are of many categories base on needs. Road Classifications Road classifications are of two main categories. They are, Rural   Urban Rural Rural roads in the country classified into six major […] - [Concrete Proportioning and Properties](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-proportioning-properties/): Concrete Proportioning and Properties are the two main fundamental things a civil engineer has to know about the construction.  Concrete possess certain Proportioning and Properties. These Concrete Proportioning and Properties are as follows Concrete Proportioning and Properties Proportioning The concrete in the construction field using for construction has many classifications. There are different grades of concrete in construction. These grades design according to the strength of concrete. It bases on the calculation of time period the concrete attains full strength. The grades of concrete are M5, M7.5, M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35, M40. The letter M denotes the mix. And the number […] - [Bitumen Road Construction Steps](https://cforcivil.com/bitumen-road-construction-steps/): Bitumen Road Construction Steps involve many processes. It has important properties and advantages.The Bitumen Road Construction use in the construction of roads worldwide. Bitumen uses in construction for its unique properties. For the construction of a flexible road, smooth ride and comfort, bitumens use in the construction of the road. Bitumen Road Construction Steps The Bituminous road construction steps are as follows Surface Preparation Application of Coats placing Rolling Quality control Finishing 1. Surface Preparation Preparation is the first step in the Bitumen Road Construction Steps. It is the cleaning of surfaces from hard rocks, stones holes, dust, and other materials. The uneven surface […] - [Concrete Manufacturing Process](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-manufacturing-process/): Concrete Manufacturing Process consists of many stages. The Concrete mix for delivery from a plant instead of mixing on the job site. The concrete mixes, transports and delivers to a construction site to place in formworks for construction. And to form various structures, like a column, beam, slab, etc. Concrete Manufacturing Process The main Concrete Manufacturing Process is as follows Batching Mixing Transporting Placing Compacting Curing 1. Batching It is the main thing in the Concrete Manufacturing Process. The measurement of materials like aggregates, cement, water necessary for preparing different grades of concrete is Batching. It is by two processes. One is volume and […] - [Concrete in construction Field](https://cforcivil.com/concrete-a-mixture-of-paste-and-aggregates/): Concrete in construction Field is a mixture of paste and aggregates. It composes of fly ash, fine and coarse aggregate, water and chemicals. The fine aggregates are sand and coarse aggregates are gravel. By hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the concrete. Concrete in construction Field Concrete is soft in newly mix, strong at hardens. Hence concrete uses to build bridges, superhighways, houses, and dams. There are some important factors involve in the manufacturing process of concrete. They are Proportioning water-cement ratio Ingredients Hydration Placement Curing and Special techniques 1. Proportioning Proportioning and mixing are the main things in making […] - [15 Types of Cement in construction](https://cforcivil.com/different-types-of-cement/): There are many types of cement produces to fulfill the needs in construction Industry. By changing compositions and adding substances different types of cement forms. The Types of Cement Ordinary Portland Cement Acid Resistance Cement Rapid Hardening Cement Sulpher Resisting Cement White Cement Colour Cement High Strength Cement High Alumina Cement Quick Setting Cement Hydrophobic Cement Expansive Cement Masonry Cement Blast Furnace Cement Low Heating Cement Air-entraining Cement Pozzolana Cement 1. Ordinary Portland cement It is the most common type of cement use. It produces in different grades. The most common is Grade-53, 43 and 33. It uses for construction of residential, commercial and other constructions. It forms by burning clay and limestone at high temperature. And grinding […] - [Cement and uses in Construction](https://cforcivil.com/cement-and-uses-in-construction/): Cement is an important material in the building construction. It is a fine powder. And use to hold the construction materials together. It is the main component of concrete. And it is an economic material using in construction. It is an important material in the construction. And replace clay and lime uses in construction from old times. It has an ability to hold the structure together. And occurs by burning the mixture of limestone and clay at high temperature. And it forms a  product clinker. A specific quantity of gypsum adds with it and reduce to fine particles known as Cement. The most […] - [Test For Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/quality-test-brick/): There are many Test For Bricks. Test conduct on bricks to obtain suitability of bricks employing in the construction of various structural elements. These test conduct in site and laboratory at the time of purchasing of materials. And in the time of construction of several structures. It is necessary to conduct the test for bricks to produce a good quality and strong structure. Test For Bricks There are several tests for bricks they are, Compressive or crushing Test Hardness Test Durability Sound Test Water Absorption Test Structure and Presence of chemicals 1. Compressive or crushing Test   The Compressive or crushing Test performs in […] - [Qualities of Good Brick](https://cforcivil.com/qualities-of-good-brick/): There are certain Qualities of Good Brick. A Good Brick has certain physical and chemical properties. Bricks use in new constructions and make renovations right across the world. Brick is a soundproof, fire resisting material. As it posses these characteristics it uses to construct partition walls in Industries. And employes for home extensions, walls of different thickness, other home building projects. It is cheap, hard, durable and easy to handle and to work with.  These properties make brick a  leading building material. Qualities of Good Brick The Qualities of a Good Brick base on its Size and Shape Color of Brick Sound Strength Durability […] - [Classification of Bricks](https://cforcivil.com/the-classification-of-bricks/): There are many  Classification of Bricks base on the method of manufacturing. Brick manufacture in different types of methods with a different kind of machines and handmade. And there are two major types of bricks from the old traditional construction field. They are Burnt bricks and Unburnt bricks. Classification of Bricks Burnt Bricks and Unburnt Bricks Burnt Bricks The Burnt Bricks uses in all types of construction works. Burnt Bricks burnt in clamps or in kilns. It classifies into four major categories. They are, First Class Bricks Second Class Bricks Third Class Bricks and Fourth Class Bricks. 1. First Class Bricks First Class Bricks molds […] - [Brick in Constructions](https://cforcivil.com/brick-construction/): A Brick is a construction material employs in the construction of several structures. It is an old traditional building material used in the construction of walls. Bricks consider as a major construction material because of its physical and chemical character.  It posses high strength, durability and fire resistance. Easily available at low cost and considers as leading building material. Bricks are laid in courses and numerous patterns known as bonds. It constructs with various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together. And to make a durable structure. The basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks. Constituents of Brick Bricks consist of various components in it. They are, […] - [Jet Grout Soil Nailing](https://cforcivil.com/jet-grout-soil-nailing/): The Jet Grout Soil Nailing method use for eroding the soil for creating holes in the slope surface. Steel bars install in this hole and grout with concrete. It provides good corrosion protection for the steel bars. Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls are reinforced by the insertion of steel reinforcing bars. Soil nailing uses to stabilize existing slopes and excavations. The top-to-bottom construction is advantageous compares to the other retaining wall systems. As construction proceeds from the top to bottom, shotcrete or concrete applies to the excavation face to provide continuity. In short Soil, […] - [Soil Nailing](https://cforcivil.com/soil-nailing-construction-techniques/): Soil nailing is a construction technique to reinforce soil to make it stable and strong. Soil nailing technique uses for slopes and excavations alongside highways, railway lines. It uses for, excavations, retaining walls slopes, to make it more strong and stable. The soil reinforces with slender elements like reinforcing bars name as nails. These reinforcing bars install into pre-drill holes and grouts. The nails install at an inclination of ten to twenty degrees with vertical reinforcement. Soil Nailing employes when requiring slopes for excavation cannot provide due to space constraints. And employes in the construction of retaining wall. It is an alternative […] - [Bitumen Requirements](https://cforcivil.com/bitumen-requirements/): There are many Bitumen Requirements in the construction of pavements. A bitumen mix use in the construction of flexible pavement. It serves the following needs. Strength Drainage and Friction Bitumen Requirments The main Bitumen Requirements are, 1. Strength It is one of the important Requirements for construction of flexible pavements. The bitumen layer composes of three main courses. They are, Surface course Binder and Base course Purpose of bitumen mix is to give Strength to pavements. And load dispersion throughout the layers of the pavement. The loads are dynamic or static loads. It transfers to the base subgrade through the aggregate course. A granular base […] - [Bituminous Materials](https://cforcivil.com/bitumen-types/): Bituminous Materials are of different types. Bituminous Materials is available in a variety of types and grades. The different types of Bituminous Materials are explaining in this post. Bituminous Materials The different types of Bituminous Materials are Asphalt Bitumen Cutback Bitumen Bitumen Emulsion Tar 1. Asphalt It is a mechanical mixture of inter mineral matter. There are two categories of asphalt, they are (a) Natural Asphalt and (b) Residual asphalt. The natural asphalt obtains naturally. The residual asphalt occurs by fractional distillation of crude petroleum oil with an asphalt base. 2. Bitumen It is a complex organic material occurs naturally and artificially at the distillation of petroleum. These […] - [Bitumen Road Construction](https://cforcivil.com/bitumen-road-construction/): Bitumen Road Construction has significant properties and various advantages.The Bitumen Road Construction mostly employs in the construction of roads worldwide. It is an organic material occurs naturally and artificially by distillation of petroleum. Bitumen uses in construction mainly for its unique properties. For the construction of a flexible road and for a smooth ride and comfort bitumen employes. Use of Bitumen Road Construction The main uses of Bitumen road constructions are for its Economic conditions Physical properties Melting point Recycling properties Adhesive Nature Varieties of Colour 1. Economic conditions Bitumen forms by distillation process of petroleum and oil product like crude oil, etc. Crude oil […] - [Footings](https://cforcivil.com/footings/): Footings designs to resist the shear force causes by imposing loads. Footings constructs in open space and known as open foundations. It provides with natural slopes on all sides. It employs for a depth up to 5 m. The base of the structure enlarges or spreads to provide individual supports. These type of foundations provides for the structure of moderate heights built on the dry ground. Types of footings Wall Footing Isolated footing Combined footing Inverted footing Continous footing Cantilever footing Grillage footing 1. Wall Footing Footings are of simple or stepped on wall footing. The base course of the footings […] - [Scaffolding types](https://cforcivil.com/scaffolding-types/): There are many scaffolding types. Scaffolding is a temporary structure to support the original structure and workmen. And use as a platform to carry on the construction works. Types of scaffolding vary with the type of construction work. Scaffolding is of timber or steel. It is stable and strong to support workmen and other construction material place on it. Scaffolding Types in Construction:  Following are types of Scaffolding in construction: Single scaffolding or brick layer’s scaffolding. Double scaffolding. Cantilever scaffolding. Suspended scaffolding. Trestle scaffolding. Steel scaffolding.  Patented scaffolding. 1. Single Scaffolding or bricklayer’s scaffolding. Single scaffolding use for brick masonry and called […] - [Scaffolding](https://cforcivil.com/scaffolding/): Scaffolding is a temporary structure uses in building operations to support platforms for workmen. And helps with structural materials, and materials required during construction of high rise buildings. It uses for above height of 1.5 meters. This temporary scaffold is useful in building construction, repairs, demolition, maintenance and repair works. It sets one or both sides of the wall according to needs. It sets one side of wall or buildings for ordinary works. For major quality works scaffold to sets on both sides of walls. The height of the scaffolding is adjusting according to the work. Components of scaffolding Standards Ledgers […] - [Retaining Walls](https://cforcivil.com/retaining-wall/): Retaining walls Retaining wall prevents the earth from sliding or eroding away. And to resist the material pressure of the material that it is holding back. It constructs with heavy blocks, angled stones, offset cinder blocks, wood or reinforced concrete frames backfilled or filled with the well-graded stone designed to create the geological resistance or mass required to counteract the earth pressures and surcharge loading. And also, anchor into the ground with steel I beam vertically inserted into the ground and reinforced with concrete and linked in between with planks or reinforced, Pre-fabricated concrete blocks. Types of Retaining wall Classification of retaining […] - [Pile Driving Equipment](https://cforcivil.com/pile-driving-equipment/): Pile Driving Equipment Pile Driving Equipment uses to drive piles in the weak soil for providing strong grip to foundations. The process of forcing a pile into the ground is pile driving. The piles drive vertically into the earth. The equipment required for pile driving is as follows Pile frames Pile hammers Leads Winches and Miscellaneous. 1. Pile frames The pile frames are generally of steel having a height varying from ten to twenty-five meters and more. Pile frames are light and easy to transport. It consists of platforms for supporting drivers, engines, winches, etc. 2. Pile hammers The function of […] ## Pages - [Privacy policy](https://cforcivil.com/privacy-policy/): Privacy Policy for cforcivil blog At cforcivil.com, accessible from https://cforcivil.com/, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. 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