civil techniques

Concrete Hacking

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Concrete Hacking is a process of making smooth surface rough. It makes on surface of concrete to provide a strong bond for plastering. As the finishing surface of concrete is smooth, plaster wont sticks to it. To create a strong mechanical bonding between them, this process of hacking in concrete performs. This makes on surfaces of beam, column and roof slabs for plastering. And helps to hold mortar with plastering in walls, tile works.

Hacking performs mostly in Reinforced Cement Concrete structures like, Roof Slab at the bottom of slab. And specially in the Walls and roof slabs of underground tanks, sumps for the purpose of water proofing and plastering. This creates a strong mechanical bonding between chemicals, mortar in RCC members on plastering. It sticks strongly and gives a long and durable life to concrete structures and protects them.

Concrete Hacking

Concrete Hacking carries out after removing the shuttering of Reinforced Cement Concrete structures. After De-shuttering the RCC members cures properly to attain its strength. And hacking executes after two to three days from the date of casting, before it attains its harder state. This helps to hold mortar with plastering in walls, tile works.

Hacking executes manually with the help of hacking chisel and hacking hammer. It executes mechanically using grinding machines with concrete cutting blades.This performs by making a very small groves on RCC Structures. The depth of the groves in concrete surface is two to five millimeters.

This carries manually and mechanically. Hacking performs on places where plastering carries out. This creates a mechanical bonding between RCC members and Cementous plastering mortar which applies directly on the surfaces.

The surface of RCC structure where the walls to constructs hacks properly before starting with brick or block work. This makes a strong connection between RCC structure and walls. And mainly in plastering of roof ceilings in super structures.

civil techniques

Uses of Chicken Mesh in Plastering

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Uses of Chicken Mesh in Plastering discusses in this post. Chicken Mesh in Plastering uses to prevent cracks. Concretes have a property of expansion and contraction. It expands in heat and contract on cooling. The gap between RCC Structures and walls joint fills with fixing Chicken Mesh before plastering. It fixes on the connection surface of columns, beams and walls.

In Construction of RCC structures, after casting of columns, beams and slab, the walls raises. Brickwork or Block-work makes to fill space in-between columns, beams and slabs in outer sides. And to make all kinds of partition walls inside buildings. After brick or block work, plastering works performs. The column sides touching walls hacks properly. Hacking is a process of making smooth concrete surface rough. This provides a strong bonding between RCC surfaces, walls and Plastering.

This mesh is hexagonal in shape. And possess a structure of honeycomb. This property makes it strong. And it gives a long life. It is a made of galvanized iron. This manufactures in coils. It cuts in running maters as per length requires. And minimum 100 mm in width.

It prevents the development of cracks between wall, column, beam joints and junctions. This reduces the chances of cracks occurring in walls in future. And it acts like reinforcement use in concrete. It makes the plastering strong at joints and junctions.

Uses of Chicken Mesh in Plastering

Chicken mesh uses in interior plastering. This uses maximum in interiors because of major pipelines for electrical conduits and water lines comes in interior walls. It Prevents the cracks occurring because of electrical conduits laying inside wall by grove cutting. The miss handling of switchboards cause electrical conduit damages resulting in formation of cracks on walls.

And all waterlines going inside these walls makes little vibrations because of water pressure. The miss handling of water taps causes water pipe lines damages resulting in formation of cracks on walls. And it uses if the plastering thickness is more than 15 Cm. It is not uses in plastering lesser than 15 Cm. Because it causes hair cracks if the thickness of plastering is less.

In exterior plastering this chicken mesh is not used. It has a chance of creating rust in it. If any rust forms in it, then the plastering will fall. It is only supposed to fix the mesh only if the thickness of plastering more than 20 mm. This chicken wire mesh is flexible in structure.

This makes it ideal for using in curves and all kinds of plastering.

civil techniques

Chicken Mesh Properties

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Chicken Mesh Properties discusses in this post. In Construction of RCC structures, after casting of columns, beams and slab, the walls raises. Brickwork or Block work makes to fill space in-between columns, beams and slabs in outer sides. And to make all kinds of partition walls inside buildings. After brick or block work, plastering works performs.

Concretes have a property of expansion and contraction. It expands in heat and contract on cooling. The gap between RCC Structures and walls joint fills with fixing Chicken Mesh before plastering. It fixes on the connection surface of columns, beams and walls.

This reduces the chances of cracks occurring in walls in future. And it acts like reinforcement use in concrete. It makes the plastering strong at joints and junctions.

This uses maximum in interiors because of major pipelines for electrical conduits and water lines comes in interior walls. It Prevents the cracks occurring because of electrical conduits laying inside wall by grove cutting. The miss handling of switchboards cause electrical conduit damages resulting in formation of cracks on walls.

And all waterlines going inside these walls makes little vibrations because of water pressure. And miss handling of water taps causes water pipe lines damages resulting in formation of cracks on walls.

Chicken Mesh Properties

This Chicken mesh is hexagonal in shape. And possess a structure of honeycomb. This property makes it strong. And it gives a long life. It is a made of galvanized iron.

This manufactures in coils. It cuts in running maters as per length requires. And minimum 100 mm in width. If this cuts in one place while placing or after plastering, it wont make any damages in plastering. This chicken wire mesh is flexible in structure. This makes it ideal for using in curves and all kinds of plastering. This is available in Rolls of bundles. The Length is of about 10 m to 100 m. And as per usages / require length. It has a width of 1 meter to 2.5 meter. And it possess various gauges.

It is available in different materials like, in Ms and galvanized iron. The mesh size also varies. And it is available in different wire diameters. The gaps between hexagonal wire mesh varies. It varies from 13 mm to 50 mm.

civil techniques

Chicken Mesh in Plastering

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Chicken Mesh in Plastering uses to prevent cracks. Concretes have a property of expansion and contraction. It expands in heat and contract on cooling. The gap between RCC Structures and walls joint fills with fixing Chicken Mesh before plastering. It fixes on the connection surface of columns, beams and walls.

In Construction of RCC structures, after casting of columns, beams and slab, the walls raises. Brickwork or Block work makes to fill space in-between columns, beams and slabs in outer sides. And to make all kinds of partition walls inside buildings. After brick or block work, plastering works performs. The column sides touching walls hacks properly. Hacking is a process of making smooth concrete surface rough. This provides a strong bonding between RCC surfaces, walls and Plastering.

Chicken Mesh in Plastering

Chicken mesh uses in interior plastering. This uses maximum in interiors because of pipelines for electrical conduits and water lines comes in interior walls. It Prevents the cracks occurring because of electrical conduits laying inside wall by grove cutting. The miss handling of switchboards cause electrical conduit damages resulting in formation of cracks on walls.

And all waterlines going inside these walls makes little vibrations because of water pressure. The miss handling of water taps and fittings causes water pipe lines damages resulting in formation of cracks on walls.

And it uses if the plastering thickness is more than 15 Cm. It is not uses in plastering lesser than 15 Cm. Because it causes hair cracks if the thickness of plastering is less.

Airways

Components of Air Transport

abbu riyaz 21 Feb, 2024

The Components of Air Transport Discusses in this Post. It consists of major components like, the Runways, Apron, Hangars, Terminal buildings, taxiways and parking, etc,. The Airport is a place that serves the aircraft in all aspects. It provides the enough space and acts like shelters to the aircraft. This accommodates various components inside it.

These provides necessary accommodations for the aircraft’s and the passengers. And fulfills all their needs. It serves the teams working together as various departments inside the airports in all aspects. And satisfying all the airlines for their aircraft’s from its starting to the ending stages. And serves the passengers in travelling from their arrivals, departure to various destinations all around the globe.

Components of Air Transport

The major components are discuss as follows,

1. Apron

The Apron is the aircraft parking area. It’s a independent area operates for all slow moving operations like, transferring the passengers and the goods inside aircraft.

Apron acts like a platform for the passengers to board inside the aircraft from the terminal buildings. It acts as station for the loading and the unloading operations. The passengers luggage and the baggage lodes and unloads here. And all other materials, air mail and the cargoes ships here.

2. Runways

The Runways is an area access for safe landing and takeoff of the aircraft without any disturbance and traffics. This consists of flashing lights of different colors.

These helps to perform the landing and the takeoff operations at the night times. All ground movements of the aircraft carryout here. It is a secure area accessing only for the landing and the takeoff operations.

3.Hangars

The Hangars are huge sheds.It provides the shelters for the aircraft. It constructs with the MS ROOF TRUSS and the Pre Engineered Building (PEB). This builds with light weight steel structures. And its roofs covers with G.I sheets, Puff panels. It provides large spaces for accommodation of aircraft.

And it locates closer to terminal building and apron. All the maintenance, repairs, fuelling of the aircraft carryout here. And provides various slots for the aircraft in same areas for, the assembling, equipping and the upgrade processing.

4. Terminal buildings

This facilitates necessary and the important functioning areas like, the Admin spaces of air transports to services their customers. And Office spaces of all the departments. This includes the passenger waiting halls, toilets, restaurants, enquiry counters, etc,.

5. Taxiway

The taxiway is the path that connects hangers, aprons, terminals to the runway. And it is of maximum straight line and short distance connecting runway.

This consists of lights of different colours. These helps to connect runway, hangers, etc at night times. And other ground moving vehicle teams at the dark and in the night times.

6. Parking Areas

This provides necessary parking spaces. And provides shelters to passengers vehicles. And to serve all types of transportation to transport passengers and to distribute traffic from airport to cities.

civil techniques

Procedures for Testing Height of Bricks

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Procedures for Testing Height of Bricks is explains in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it possess uniform colour on all faces.

The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it. The Physical dimension of brick is consider as major aspect.

Bricks possess standard dimension. There are two major types of bricks,

Modular Bricks and
Non-Modular Bricks

Standard Modular Bricks

The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard Modular Bricks are 190 mm length,110 mm width and 90, 40 mm height.

Standard Non-Modular Bricks

The standard Non – Modular Bricks has different dimensions compare to Modular Bricks. The size of standard Non-Modular Bricks are 230 mm length, 110 mm width and 70,30 mm height.

For making a uniform bond in-between bricks, Standard Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks combines.

Procedures for Testing Height of Bricks

Collect Twenty Bricks Randomly of same Consignment or same brand.
Make sure It is free from damages, cracks, etc,.
It must possess plain surface with proper size and sharp edges.
Cut all extrudes or projections on sides of bricks.
It must possess same colour throughout without any irregularity on each faces.
Keep Twenty bricks in flat level ground surface.
Arrange twenty bricks straight in height.
It must be in contact with face of bricks in Height.
Make sure there is no gap between bricks for measuring the length.
Measure bricks with a Measuring tape.

Tolerance for Height of bricks

A tolerance of 40 mm provides for height of Standard Modular Size brick. For twenty bricks the height is 1.8 M +/- 40 MM. ( 1.760 to 1.840 MM )

A tolerance of 40 mm provides for height of Standard Non-Modular Size brick. For twenty bricks the height is 1.4 M +/- 40 MM. ( 1.440 to 1.360 MM )