Construction materials

civil techniques

Requirement of Burnt Clay Bricks

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Requirement of Burnt Clay Bricks discuss in this post. Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. It possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it has uniform colour on all faces.

Brick has certain physical and chemical properties. Bricks use in latest constructions. It make renovations right across the world. Brick is a soundproof, fire resisting material. As it posses these characteristics it uses to construct partition walls in Industries. And use for home extensions, walls of different thickness. It is cheap, hard, durable and easy to handle and to work with. These properties make brick a leading building material.

The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it. The Physical dimension of brick is consider as major aspect.

Bricks possess standard dimension. There are two major types of bricks,

Modular Bricks and
Non-Modular Bricks

Standard Modular Bricks

The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard Modular Bricks are 190 mm length,110 mm width and 90, 40 mm height.

Standard Non-Modular Bricks

The standard Non – Modular Bricks has different dimensions compare to Modular Bricks. The size of standard Non-Modular Bricks are 230 mm length, 110 mm width and 70,30 mm height.

For making a uniform bond in-between bricks, Standard Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks combines.

Requirement of Burnt Clay Bricks

Bricks Tests for its physical dimension. It is consider as major aspect in testing of bricks. Twenty bricks arranges in a flat level ground surface in a straight line in contact with face of bricks.

These arranged bricks measures with measuring instruments. Length, width and height of bricks measures for its physical dimension requirements. It differs for standard Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks.

The length of twenty bricks is 3.8 m and 1.8 m width, 1.8 m height For standard Modular Bricks

The length of twenty bricks is 4.6 m ,2.1 m width and 1.4 m height for standard Non-Modular Bricks

civil techniques

Types of Burnt Clay Bricks

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Types of Burnt Clay Bricks are explains in this post. Brick is a construction material uses in the construction of several structures. It is an old traditional building material used in the construction of walls. Bricks consider as a major construction material because of its physical and chemical character. It is of high strength, long life and fire resistance. Easily available at low cost and considers as leading building material.

Bricks lays in courses and numerous patterns known as bonds. It constructs with various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together. And to make a durable structure.

There are certain Qualities of Brick. Brick has certain physical and chemical properties. Bricks use in latest constructions. It make renovations right across the world. Brick is a soundproof, fire resisting material. As it posses these characteristics it uses to construct partition walls in Industries. And use for home extensions, walls of different thickness. It is cheap, hard, durable and easy to handle and to work with. These properties make brick a leading building material.

There are many Classification of Bricks base on the method of manufacturing. Brick manufacture in different types of methods with a different kind of machines and handmade. And there are two major types of bricks from the old traditional construction field.

Types of Burnt Clay Bricks

Modular Bricks and
Non-Modular Bricks

These Bricks have different sizes & Dimensions. These bricks possess plain rectangular faces with sharp edges or corners. And it has uniform colour on all faces.

The main requirement of brick is that it has to free from, cracks, flaws. And free from foreign materials present inside it.

Standard Modular Bricks

The standard Modular Bricks has different dimensions compares to Non-Modular Bricks. The size of standard Modular Bricks are 190 mm length,110 mm width and 90, 40 mm height.

Standard Non-Modular Bricks

The standard Non – Modular Bricks has different dimensions compare to Modular Bricks. The size of standard Non-Modular Bricks are 230 mm length, 110 mm width and 70,30 mm height.

For making a uniform bond in-between bricks, Standard Modular Bricks and Non-Modular Bricks combines.

civil techniques

STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

The STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS are discuss in this post. The Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids. This complete building system is Pre Engineered. And to make the easy production. And easy assembly on the site.

The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages.

It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures.

The Welding is the major connection of members. The welding makes to connect the member strongly. It should be free from all the Defects.

Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify the discontinuities in welding joints in PEB members. And uses to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the PEB members.

Dye Penetration Testing has many names like,

The Liquid Penetrate Inspection
The Penetration Testing

It is a simple test. And a easy test to identify the discontinuities in welding joints. And to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the PEB members. Using this method all the surface defects and the flaws are easily identify and rectify. This test carries out without difficulties. This is one of the oldest test for identification of the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in PEB members.

STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS

The STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS are as follows,

1. Pre Cleaning

The Surface to examine (PEB Member) cleans fully. All the adjacent sides of welding joints cleans properly up to minimum of twenty centimeter. The joints coats with primer and paint removes with wire brush for testing and to obtain accurate results.

It must be free from dirt, dust, paint, oil, grease, rust, and other foreign materials.

2. Drying After Cleaning

After cleaning, the member allows to dry. This makes to form a dry and clean surface for testing. This takes three to five minutes depending on the condition of site. And size of the material to test. This cleaning makes, if any residue of liquid presents on the member, it blocks the passing of the penetrant. This drying process carries with the help of hot air driers, air blowers, etc.

3. Penetrant Application

Now, the penetrant applies to the dry surface of the PEB Member. This carries with brush or spray. For better, accurate and quick results spraying carries out.

It sprays exactly on the surface of members in which the defects to identify. And sprays exactly on the welding connections for examining of flaws.

4. Removal of Excess Penetrant

After sufficient penetration, the excess penetrant all around the surface of material wipes off.

And cleans in all the welding joints. This cleaning carries out with dry and clean wipers.

5. Drying

After removal of excess penetrant it allows to dry in normal tempreture. No other drying methods like, drying with hot air driers, air blowers, etc requires.

This penetrant allows to remain on the member for five to ten minutes depending on the size of materials, length of welding joints.

This makes to get the penetrant sink into the cracks,pores,holes,etc. This depends on the size of the PEB members to test. And the length of welding joints.

6. Developer Application

The Developer is white in color. The developer applies quickly on to the surface of area. And welding joints to examine on the member. This carries out with spraying. The complete area of penetrant covers with spraying the white Developer. This application of developer carries out within one to two minutes after drying of penetrant.

7. Evaluation

Evaluate after a minimum time period of ten minutes. This evaluation carries out in a dark environment. It is clearly visible on to the surface of PEB Members. Now the discontinuities in welding joints identifies. And the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the PEB members evaluates.

These are the main STEPS FOR DPT TEST IN PEB MEMBERS follows for testing of materials.

civil techniques

RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

The RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST are discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages.

The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding the steel plates together. And connects through bolts. And forms an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings. And the Heavy structures. The Welding is the major connection of all the members. This welding makes to connect the member strongly. It should be free from all the Defects.

To confirm the proper welding connections in the members to form a strong Connection many tests performs like, DPT,etc.

The Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify the discontinuities in welding joints in PEB members.

Dye Penetration Testing has many names like,

The Liquid Penetrate Inspection
The Penetration Testing

It is a simple test. And a easy test to identify the discontinuities in welding joints. Using this method all the surface defects and the flaws are easily identify and rectify. This test carries out without difficulties. This is one of the oldest test for identification of the defects in PEB members.

RECTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST

The rectification methods for improper welding are as follows.

The imperfections fix by welding, chipping and grinding.
The minor imperfections grinds and finishes.
Only major imperfections welds and repairs.
The affected areas chips(Excavates) up to a minimum depth.
Removing all sharp notches, hollow gaps, holes,etc,.
The affected and repaired areas welds again properly.
And after welding it grinds to obtain a complete and proper connections without sharp notches, holes etc,.

These are some of the methods and process for fixing of imperfections in the welding joints.

civil techniques

IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

The IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST are discuss in this post. The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages.

IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST

The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding the steel plates together. And connects through bolts. And forms an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. The Welding is the major connection of members. The welding makes to connect the member strongly. It should be free from all the Defects.

To confirm the proper welding connections in the members to form a strong Connection many tests performs like, DPT,etc.

Dye Penetration Testing (DPT) is a test uses to identify the discontinuities in welding joints in PEB members. And uses to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in PEB members.

Dye Penetration Testing has many names like,

The Liquid Penetrate Inspection
The Penetration Testing

IDENTIFICATION OF FLAWS IN PEB USING DPT TEST PROCEDURES

The Inception starts after a minimum time period of ten minutes. And not later than 60 minutes after application of the developer. This evaluation carries out in a dark environment.

It is clearly visible on to the surface of PEB Members. Now the discontinuities in welding joints identifies. Some of the false indications like machine marks and scratches, etc are not consider as major faults.

These indications are some of the proof for mechanical errors in welding.

Some of the major indications are consider as major flaws and as follows,

Crack indications more than 2 MM .
The crack length more than 3 times its own size.
Round and oval type cracks more-than its width.

civil techniques

PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

The PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS are discuss in this post . The Pre Engineered Building( PEB )System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world . These are the steel buildings in which excess steel avoids . This complete building system is Pre Engineered. And to make the easy production. And easy assembly on the site.

The use of PEB is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can save the natural resources. It has numerous advantages. The joining and fixing of I-shape members makes as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding the steel plates together. And connects through bolts. And forms an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building. It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. The Welding is the major connection of members. The welding makes to connect the member strongly. It should be free from all the Defects.

Dye Penetration Testing has many names like,

The Liquid Penetrate Inspection
The Penetration Testing

It is a simple test . And a easy test to identify the discontinuities in welding joints . And to detect the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in the PEB members . Using this method all the surface defects and the flaws are easily identify and rectify . This test carries out without difficulties . This is one of the oldest test
for identification of the cracks, fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes, in PEB members .

PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS

The PROCEDURE FOR DPT TEST ON PEB MEMBERS are as follows,

Pre Cleaning
Drying After Cleaning
Penetrant Application
Removal of Excess Penetrant
Drying
Developer Application
Evaluation

1. Pre Cleaning

The specimen to test (PEB Member) cleans for applying of the Dye.
It must be free from dirt, dust, paint, oil, grease, rust, and other foreign materials.

2. Drying After Cleaning

The cleaned surface allows to dry for two to three minutes

3. Penetrant Application

The penetrant applies to the surface of the PEB Member.
Allow the penetrant to remain for three to five minutes on the member.

4. Removal of Excess Penetrant

Remove the excess penetrant from the surface of the PEB Member.

5. Drying

Make the penetrant sink into the cracks,pores,fractures, pinholes, porosity, potholes.

6. Developer Application

Apply the white developer above the penetrant.

7. Evaluation

Now the defects identifies.
It is clearly visible on to the surface of PEB Member.