Steel

civil techniques

DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) STRUCTURES

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) STRUCTURES explains in this post. This System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. Design of Pre Engineered building(PEB) Structures are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids.

The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields.

It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. By this application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature.

Design of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) system is Computer assistant. And design to create a building for specific use like,

• Ware houses
• Factories
• Workshops
• Offices
• Gas stations
• Vehicle parking sheds
• Show rooms
• Aircraft hangers
• Sports Stadiums.

This complete building system is Pre Engineered to make a easy production. And easy assembly on site.

DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) STRUCTURES

This Systems Makes a Revolution in Steel Industry. In structural engineering, the designs made by PEB manufacturer or PEB supplier. The PEB manufacturer use the good and best raw materials available from all sources. And makes a wide range of structural design which satisfy all design requirements.

The efficient design of pre-engineered building is lighter than normal steel buildings. This reduce the steel consumption and saves cost in structural frameworks. This usage of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System uses widely in industrial sector.

The Designing and fabrication of joining and fixing of I-shape members are known as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding steel plates together. And connects through bolts to form an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building.

DESIGN CRITERIA

For design a pre-engineered building, engineers/ PEB manufacturers consider many important and basic things. Some of the important and main basic things are as follows,

Length and Width of Structure
Roof Slopes
Ventilation
Dead Loads
Live Loads
Wind Loads
Spacing of bays
E.O.T Crane Systems and
Weight of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) members, etc,.

This design calculations performs by Engineers with the help of advance computer systems. This includes latest computer aided system using software like STADD .PRO,etc,. By using these software’s the accurate load calculation computes.

civil techniques

ADVANTAGES OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Advantages of Pre Engineered building (PEB) explains in this post. It has numerous advantages. Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids.

This complete building system is Pre Engineered to make a easy production. And easy assembly on site.

The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields.

It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. By this application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature.

ADVANTAGES OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)

The Pre-engineered buildings are lighter than normal steel buildings. This reduce the steel consumption and saves cost in structural frameworks. This usage of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System uses widely in industrial sector.

Pre-engineered buildings are widely constructs for the purpose of using a Large Clear Spans.

Some of the important advantages of Pre-engineered buildings are as follows,

This entire system is of zero maintenance
It is superior in strength
It is of a low Budget and cost effective
Highly economical and Eco friendly
Reduces the usage and wastage of excess steel
Entire Space uses without obstructions like center supports,etc.

Reduce mass pollution due to construction and prevents nature
Reduces Construction Time Duration

This Systems Makes a Revolution in Steel Industry. This usage of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System uses widely in industrial sector. It reduce the steel consumption and saves cost in structural frameworks.

For all of these advantages the Pre-engineered buildings are widely uses in wide ranges of Industrial Buildings like,

• Ware houses
• Factories
• Workshops
• Offices
• Gas stations
• Vehicle parking sheds
• Show rooms
• Aircraft hangers
• Sports Stadiums.

civil techniques

PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Pre Engineered Building (PEB) System is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. These are steel buildings in which excess steel avoids.

The use of steel structures is highly economical and Eco friendly. By the application of this we can reduce the usage and wastage of natural resources using in construction fields.

It reduces the Construction cost and time of Mass buildings and Heavy structures. By application of this we can reduce mass pollution and prevent nature.

PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)

The joining and fixing of I-shape members are known as I-beams and columns. These forms by welding steel plates together. And connects through bolts to form an entire frame of the Pre-engineered building.

DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)

DESIGN CRITERIA

For design a pre-engineered building, engineers/ PEB manufacturers consider many important and basic things. Some of the important and main basic things are as follows,

Length and Width of Structure
Roof Slopes
Ventilation
Dead Loads
Live Loads
Wind Loads
Spacing of bays
E.O.T Crane Systems and
Weight of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) members, etc,.

APPLICATIONS OF PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB)

It is constructs for wide ranges of Industrial Buildings like,

• Ware houses

• Factories
• Workshops
• Offices
• Gas stations
• Vehicle parking sheds
• Show rooms
• Aircraft hangers

• Sports Stadiums.

Construction materials

Metal Sleepers Advantages and Disadvantages

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

The Metal Sleepers Advantages and Disadvantages are discussed in this post. Railway Track Sleepers are members which lay transverse to the rails on which the rail supports and fixes. Sleepers are beds in the railway tracks. The main reason to use metal sleepers replacing wooden sleepers are because of insufficiency of wooden sleepers. Metal sleepers use widely in the modern construction of railway tracks. The main role of sleepers is to transfer load from rails to the ballast. The Metal sleepers are of cast iron and steel.

These sleepers fix vertical to each other. It fixes throughout the track. The main work of sleepers is to hold rails in a strong position. It receives the loads from rails and spread to ballast and sub-grades. In these various types of Metal sleepers, the sleeper which is economic uses in the construction of railway tracks. Even though it use mostly in the modern construction of railway rail track it posses many advantages and disadvantages.

Metal Sleepers Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

There are many important advantages of metal sleepers. The main advantages of metal sleepers are as follows,

Metal sleepers are uniform in strength and durability.
For metal sleepers no frequent renewal requires.
It is economical and have longer life.
Low maintenance and easier repair.
Gauges are easy to maintain and adjustable.
Easy in manufacturing and laying.
The fitting operation is better and it makes less occurrence of creep.
It is fireproof.
It is reusable and have a good scrap value.
The manufacturing of sleepers is a simple process.
The fixtures of the sleepers are less in number and simple in nature.

Disadvantages

Metal sleepers having many good advantages still it posses some disadvantages in it. The disadvantages of metal sleepers are as follows,

More ballast requires for metal sleepers
Difficult to maintain due to rust and other chemical gents in atmosphere.

And it is more likely subjects to corrosion/rusting.
As a good conductor of electricity it interferes with track circuiting.
It is not suitable for level crossings and bridges.
Unsuitable in case of pointing.
Creep occurs frequently.
It subjects easily to deform and bend due to heavy moving loads in it.
Suitable only for stone ballasts.
Cracks develop easily in metal sleeper seats through the holes of bolts.
More care has to take to maintain steel sleepers.

The Metal Sleepers Advantages and Disadvantages are considering to handle the difficulties in the construction of modern railway rail tracks.

civil techniques

Types of Metal Sleepers

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

There are many Types of Metal Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. As it satisfies all the needs of a sleeper it is using mostly in the construction of railway rail tracks.

Types of Metal Sleepers

There are many Types of metal Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. The following types of Metal Sleepers are as follows,

Cast iron Sleepers and

Steel Sleepers

1. Cast iron Sleepers

The Cast iron sleepers are using widely in the construction of railway rail tracks. Cast iron are of many types as follows,

Bowl or Pot sleepers
Plate sleepers
Box sleepers
C.S.T-9 sleepers
Rail Free Duplex sleepers.

Bowl or Pot sleepers

It consists of two bowl or pots placed inverts on ballast. The main feature of these sleeper are, that it is on the top of pot a rail seat or a chair provides to hold the flat footed and Bull headed rails.

Plate sleepers

These Plate sleepers are rectangular in shape. The plates are parallel to the rails. The plates are fix in position with the tie bars. These connections are being similar to that of pot sleepers. The pot and plate sleepers are us with flat footed and Bull headed rails.

Box Sleepers

Box Sleepers are in box shapes. The box sleepers are not using nowadays in the modern construction of railway rail tracks.

C.S.T-9 sleepers

It has a triangular inverted pot on either side of the rail seat. And having a plate with a projecting rib and a box on the top of the plate. The connections are by means of rods of various types. These sleepers are easily assemble and dismantle without using mechanical equipment.

Rail Free Duplex sleepers

A joint sleeper of cast iron known as rail Free Duplex sleepers has been use as a rail joints in conjunction with it. These sleepers use to prevent the cantilever action between the two supports of the sleeper joints

2. Steel Sleepers

Most of the tracks lays with the metal sleepers. The following types of Steel Sleepers are as follows,

Key Type
Clip-Bolt Type
Spring Type

Key Type

Keys are use to hold the rail in sleepers. These keys are fix on both sides of sleepers to hold it tight. These keys are fix on opposite directions to each other.

clip-Bolt Type

This sleeper employs a bolt and clip for holding the rail. The four clip and bolt use for holding the rails. By using different types of the clips the sleepers use for any section of rail. The size of clip depends upon the weight of rails.

Spring Type

The rail seat is strengthened by a spring plate having two holes in sleepers on either sides.

civil techniques

Metal Sleepers

abbu riyaz 1 May, 2023

Metal sleepers use widely in the modern construction of railway tracks. The Metal sleepers are of cast iron and steel. In these various types of Metal sleepers, the sleeper which is economic uses in the construction of railway tracks.

Cast iron is widely engaging than steel because of its less tendency to corrosion. Metal sleepers use widely because of the shortage of wooden sleepers and its long life properties.

Types of Metal Sleepers

There are many Types of Metal Sleepers using in the construction of railway rail tracks. The following types are as follows,

Cast iron Sleepers and

Steel Sleepers

Cast iron Sleepers

The Cast iron sleepers are using widely in the construction of railway rail tracks. Cast iron are of many types as follows,

Bowl or Pot sleepers
Plate sleepers
Box sleepers
C.S.T-9 sleepers
Rail Free Duplex sleepers.

The main reason to use metal sleepers replacing wooden sleepers are because of growing scarcity of wooden sleepers.

Steel Sleepers

The following types of Steel Sleepers are as follows,

Key Type
Clip-Bolt Type
Spring Type

Requirements of Metal sleepers

Metal Sleeper should bears the compression and tensile stress acting on it.
It should be of low manufacturing cost and low maintenance.
It should provide proper grip on the rail track
And provide ballast to prevent dislocation of track due to vibrations and shocks cause by heavy loads.
Sleepers must be economical.
t should be easier to handle during the maintenance operations like lifting, packing, removal, and replacement.
The weight of sleepers should not be too heavy or too light.
It should have a moderate weight for ease of access.
And capable to resist shocks of rails because of a fast-moving load with vibration.
It should have a proper spacing between two sleepers for ease of maintenance for removal and replacement.
Sleeper to design in a way that they should not push out easily due to moving loads.
A sleeper to provide with anti-theft qualities.